语法解析
What time do you + V ...?
结构︰ 问句:What time+do/does+主词+原形动词…?
答句:主词(某人)+一般动词…+时间。
说明︰ 此句型意为“某人什么时间做某事?”助动词 do 或 does 的选择依主词而定,若主词为第三人称单数,用 does;其它用 do。
What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你什么时间起床?我一般六点起床。
What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他什么时间就寝?他一般十点就寝。
What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten. 奥创什么时间开始?八点十分开始。
结构︰ 问句:What day is today?
答句:It’s+Sunday/Monday/…。
说明︰ 此句型意为“今天是星期几?今天是星期日/星期一/…。”it可用于指“星期的名字”,但 this或 that 不能;一星期七天的名字,都是专有名词,开头的首字母要大写,前面不加冠词。
What day is today? It’s Sunday. 今天是星期几?今天是星期日。
What day is today? It’s Wednesday. 今天是星期几?今天是星期三。、
What day is today? It’s Saturday. 今天是星期几?今天是星期六。
结构︰ 问句:How many+复数名词+are there in/on+名词?
答句:There is/are+单数(复数)名词+in/on+名词。
说明︰ 此句型意为“在某处有多少……?在某处有…。”该句型中,many 修饰复数名词;又因本句型是疑问句,故用 are there,不可用 there are。
How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.
一年有几个季节?一年有四季。
How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.
一星期有几天?一星期有七天。
How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.
这本书里有几课?这本书里有十二课。
结构︰ 问句:How many+复数名词+do/does+主词+have?
答句:主词+have/has…+复数名词+…。
答句:主词+don’t/doesn’t have…+复数名词…。
说明︰ “How many”后面接复数可数名词,复数名词的前面可用 many,a lot of,a few,some,few,any,no 等修饰。
How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don’t have any books.)
你有几本书?我有很多书。(我没书。)
How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don’t have any sweaters.)
你有几件毛衣?我有三件毛衣。(我没毛衣。)
How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn’t have many friends.)她有几个朋友?她有很多朋友。(她没很多朋友。)
结构︰ 问句:How much+单数不可数名词+do/does+主词+have?
答句:主词+have/has…+单数不可数名词。
答句:主词+don’t/doesn’t have…+单数不可数名词。
说明︰ “How much”后面接单数不可数名词,单数不可数名词前面可用 much, a little,some,little,any,no 等修饰。
How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.)
他有多少茶?他有不少茶。(他没茶。)
How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework.(They don’t have much homework.)
他们有多少家庭作业?他们有很多家庭作业。(他们没很多家庭作业。)
How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don’t have a lot of fruit.)
他们有多少水果?他们有很多水果。(他们没很多水果。)
结构︰ How much do(es)+某物+cosplayt…?
说明︰ 此句型意为“某物值多少钱?”。how much 用来询问产品的价格。还可以写作:“How much+ be 动词+某物?”。
How much does this computer cosplayt? (=How much is this computer?)这部电脑值多少钱?
How much do the vegetables cosplayt? 这类蔬菜值多少钱?
How much do the movie tickets cosplayt? 这类电影票值多少钱?
结构︰ Did+主词+原形动词+…过去时间?
说明︰ 将一定句中的过去式改为“Did+原形动词”,并将 Did 放在句首,句尾用问号,即构成过去式的疑问句。
Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗?
结构︰ 问句:Do/Does+主词+ever+原形动词…?
答句:No,主词+never+一般动词(加s或es)…。
说明︰ ever 一般用于疑问句,never 一般用于否定回答;never 也可放在句首,后接原形动词,形成否定祈使句,如例句4。
Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.
你过去用电脑吗?不,我未曾用过电脑。
Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.
汤姆过去晚起床吗?不,汤姆未曾晚起床过。
Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.
萨莉过去弹钢琴吗?不,萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。
Never be late for school, Bill. 比尔,上学绝不可迟到。
结构︰ What date/year+was/were+主词+born+on/in?
说明︰ 此句型意为“你出生于什么时候几日(那一年)?”。born 是原形动词bear 的过去分词,在文法上当形容词,前面常有 was 或 were;中文说“某人出生”,英语应说:“某人+was/were born…”。
What year were you born in? 你出生于那一年?
What date was your mother born on? 你妈妈出生于什么时候几日?
结构︰ What will/did+主词+do+on+时间?
说明︰ 此句型意为“某人在某时间将干什么?(将来式)某人在某时做了哪些事?(过去式)”。指特定的日期(如什么时候几日)、星期几或星期几的早上(下午,晚上),要用介系词on。
What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他们在圣诞节夜将干什么事?
What will Helen do on her birthday? 海伦在她过生日那天将干什么事?
What did Mary do on Youth Day? 玛丽在年轻人节做了哪些事?
What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在7月9日做了哪些事情?
结构︰ 问句:How+do+主词+一般动词…?
答句:主词+一般动词…+情状副词。
说明︰ How 是问状况的疑问副词,表示“如何…?”。用于说明“状况或性质”的副词,称为情状副词。当用来修饰不及物动词时,情状副词坐落于其后;当用来修饰及物动词时,情状动词坐落于及物动词的前面或后面。
How did you do your work? I did my work happily.
你如何做你的工作?我非常快乐地做了我的工作。
How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.
林太太如何注视林先生?她冷漠地注视林先生。
How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
王先生如何驾驶他的计程车?他小心地驾驶他的计程车。
结构︰ 一定句,+否定式助动词+主词?
说明︰ 这是一种反意疑问句,其结构特征是:第一部分是一定式,第二部分就用否定式。直述句的主词是名词时,附加问句的主词要用代名词代替:it 代替 this,that,不定词(当主词)或动名词(当主词)等;they 代替 these,those, people 等。
下列助动词的否定缩写式较易弄错:will not->won’t;would not-> wouldn’t;should not->shouldn’t;can not->can’t;could not->couldn’t;might not->mightn’t;ought not->oughtn’t。直述句有一般动词目前式,则附加问句用 do 或 does 代替;有一般动词过去式,则附加问句用 did 代替。
They’re ready, aren’t they?(读降调)他们筹备好了吧?(读升调)他们筹备好了,不是吗?
Mike has a car, doesn’t he?(读降调)麦克有辆车,是吧?(读升调)麦克有辆车,不是吗?
The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she? 是秘书打了这封信,不是吗?
They will go to Europe, won’t they? 他们将去欧洲,不是吗?
You are the teacher, aren’t you? 你就是老师,不是吗?
I suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在大家的森林里呆过,不是吗?
I know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我了解他昨天晚上玩得非常愉快,不是吗?
The wall plug is broken, isn’t it? 墙上的插座坏了,不是吗?
Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 干净的公园是漂亮的,不是吗?
You can do it, can’t you? 你会做它,不是吗?
We should rise early, shouldn’t we? 大家应该早起,不是吗?
结构︰ 否定句,+一定式助动词+主词?
说明︰ 这是另一种反意疑问句。否定结构在第一部分,第二部分就要用一定结构。对反意疑问句的回答和对否定式一般疑问句一样,要看答句。
He isn’t a manager, is he? -- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
他不是经理,是吧?--不,他是经理。(是的,他不是经理。)
Mike doesn’t have a car, does he? 麦克没车,是吗?
The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she? 秘书没打过这封信,是吗?
They won’t go to Europe, will they? 他们不会去欧洲,是吗?
You aren’t the teacher, are you? 你不是老师,是吗?
I don’t think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他没办法回答这个问题,是吗?
结构︰ 疑问词+in the world/on earth/ever+其他
说明︰ 此句型意为“到底…?到底…?”。这是特殊疑问句的强调说法。in the world,on earth 和 ever是强调疑问词的片语。
How in the world will he do it? 他到底将怎么样做这件事?
What in the world do you mean? 你的意思到底是什么?
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是如何了解的?
Who on earth told you that? 那件事到底是哪个对你说的?
Where ever did you lose it? 你到底在什么地方丢的呀?
What in the world are they hoping for? 他们到底想要什么?
结构︰ 一般疑问句(读升调)+or+一般疑问句(读降调)
说明︰ 此句型意为“是…还是…?"。这是选择疑问句,前面都是一般疑问句,后面的问句如与前面有相同的部分,都可以省略。
Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us? 是大家来找你们,还是你们来找大家?
Are you from the America or from the England? 你是美国人还是英国人?
Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? 他是星期一走还是星期二走?
Would you like coffee or tea? 你是要咖啡还是茶?
结构︰ 特殊疑问句(读降调),+A(读升调)or B(读降调)
说明︰ 这种选择疑问句用得相当广泛,其特征是:前面的特殊疑问句已经明确地指出了要问的内容,再补充几项具体事物让他们做出一定的回话。其语调是“降-升-降”调。
What would you like - coffee or tea? 你要什么?咖啡还是茶?
Which would you rather to buy - silk or cotton? 你想买什么?丝还是棉?
Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing? 你去了哪儿?天津还是北京?
When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day?你何时去买卖会?明天还是另找哪一天?
结构︰ 主要子句+疑问词(what/how/which/why 等)+子句
说明︰ 这是间接疑问句。疑问词后面的语句使用正常词序,不使用特殊疑问句所用的倒装词序。全句末尾大多用句点,但也有用问号的。直接问句改为间接问句或间接句时,原先的疑问句要改为一定句或否定句的顺序;助动词如 will,should,would, must,may,can 等,须照抄,不可去掉;助动词如 do,does,did,需要去掉,再将它后面的原形动词改为适合的形式。
I’d like to know how old the manager is. 我想了解经理有多大年龄。
He inquired how it was done. 他问这事做得如何了。
Please advise me which item I should buy. 请问我该先买什么品种。
Tell me why it is so important? 告诉我为何此事这么要紧?
They do not know what the words mean. 他们不了解这类字的意思是什么。
Tell me what happened yesterday. 告诉我昨天所发生的事。
What they talked about is what we want to know. 他们谈论什么是大家所想要了解的事。
She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week.
她每晚洗头发,而且量量看一星期长多少。
You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.你绝不会了解你的鼓励对我多么有意义。
结构︰ 主要子句+whether/if+子句
说明︰ 此句型意为“…是不是…”。口语中用 if 较为常见。假如子句中带有 or not 等词,则只可以用 whether;另外,whether 不可以引导否定的间接疑问句,而 if 则可以。
He asked me the question whether the price was too high. 他问我价格是不是太高。
They asked him whether the quality is fine or not. 他们问他水平是不是好。
Tell me whether you like this color. 告诉我你爱不爱这种颜色。
Tell me if it doesn’t rain. 告诉我是不是下不了雨。
Ask him if it is true. 问他那是否真的。
I wonder if he is in the school. 我想了解他是不是在学校。
结构︰ 一般疑问句+疑问词(what/where/when 等)+子句
说明︰ 此句为双重疑问句。疑问词后面使用正常词序,不需要倒装词序。
Can you tell me where the teacher has gone? 你能告诉我老师到哪儿去了吗?
Have you any idea where he comes from? 他是哪儿人,你了解不了解?
Do you know if they like this new item? 你了解他们是不是喜欢这个新产品种?
Do you know who wants to go with me? 你了解哪个想跟我一块去吗?
Do you know when the train will leave? 你了解火车何时开吗?
Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告诉我你月赚多少吗?
结构︰ 一定式陈述句+一定式反问句
说明︰ 这种疑问句型的前后一致,都是一定式结构。后一部分进一步强调前一部分的内容,是无需回答的一种修辞方法。
We are old friends, not strangers, right? 大家是老友了,不是陌生人,是吗?
He’s a capable businessman, is he? 他是一位非常有能力的业务员,可不是吗?
So you come importing Chinese textiles, do you? 原来你是来进口中国纺织品的,是么?
So you’ve been to Shanghai, have you? 原来你去过上海,是吧?
结构︰ …疑问词(在句中任何地方上)…
说明︰ 疑问词不是坐落于句子开头,而是在句子中任何地方上,这种办法十分简单,因此在口语中常常出现。
Two times what number makes ten? 什么数的两倍是十?
You will go where? 你要到哪儿去?
You are twenty-what this year? 你今年二十多大岁数?
He’s your who? 他是你什么人?
结构︰ What/How about+名词/动名词?
说明︰ 此句型意为“…怎么样?”。这是征求他们建议或建议的委婉说法。
What about the name Smith? 史密斯这个名字如何?
What about going to a movie? 去看场电影怎么样?
What about lending me some money? 借点钱给我怎么样?
How about the others? 剩余的如何?
How about a drink? 来一杯吧?
How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop? 去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧?
结构︰ What if+主词+动词
说明︰ 此句型意为“假如…的话如何解决呢?”。但常常用于反语,有时也变成“即便…也没关系”之意。
What if it is true? 假如这是真的又该怎么样呢?
What if he doesn’t agree? 假如他不认可该如何解决呢?
What if he comes back now? 假如他目前回来如何解决?
What if the boy’s parents should die? 假如那男生的爸爸妈妈去世了该如何解决呢?
What if I fail! 即便我失败了又如何!
结构︰ What+助动词+主词+动词…+for?
说明︰ 此句型意为“为何…?”。等于“For what…?”
What are you running for? 你为何在跑步?
What do you want it for? 你为何要那个?
What did they go there for? 他们为何去那里?
结构︰ How else+助动词+主词+助动词?
说明︰ 此句型意为“…还有别的办法吗?”。
How else should a father in this modern world express his affection and concern for his own son? 现代这个世界上,爸爸还应该有别的办法来对我们的儿子表示爱惜和关心吗?
How else can the doctor save him? 医院还有别的办法可以救他吗?
How else can I apologize for her? 我还能有别的办法可以向她道歉吗?